They develop when cartilage breaks down, causing bones to rub together. In response, the body forms extra bone to stabilize the joint, which leads to the hard bumps seen on the fingers. This condition is more common in women, especially after the age of 45.

As osteoarthritis progresses, these nodes may appear on multiple fingers, giving the impression that they are spreading. Genetics, aging, and repeated strain on the hands all play a role in how the condition develops and worsens over time.

Along with the visible bumps, people may experience pain, stiffness, and reduced flexibility in their fingers.

Tasks requiring fine motor skills—like buttoning clothes or writing—can become more difficult. Cold weather or inactivity can make symptoms worse.

Doctors usually diagnose these bumps through a physical exam and may use X-rays to assess joint damage.

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